iranian cyber operations against israeli targets spiked to 4,800 incidents in june 2026, up from 1,600 in june 2025 — a threefold increase concentrated in the month following the u.s.-israeli offensive campaign against iran. the targets included critical infrastructure, organizations, and small firms, suggesting a wide-aperture retaliatory campaign rather than a focused espionage operation. the scale and breadth indicates the cyber layer is being used as a proxy response channel while conventional military options remain constrained by a standing stand-down agreement.