the pentagon unilaterally suspended the permanent joint board on defense, a us-canada bilateral defense body established in 1940, citing canada's failure to commit to a 3.5% gdp defense spending target by 2035. the board has operated continuously for 86 years through cold war and post-9/11 periods without interruption. suspension of an institution this old over a spending metric, with reported collateral effect on the detroit-windsor bridge project, is an anomalous signal in the us-canada alliance architecture.