archaeologists opened a chamber near gibraltar sealed for approximately 40,000 years and found neanderthal tools and evidence of coastal adaptation behavior. the site had remained undisturbed since neanderthals occupied it. the find is described as challenging the conventional picture of late neanderthals as unsophisticated survivors — the evidence points instead to skilled coastal foragers. this is a concrete empirical discovery, not a claim — physical artifacts in a verifiably sealed context.